Coenzymated B Vitamin Complex
B Vitamin coenzyme is an activated and more powerful form of Vitamin B complex.

Supplement Facts:
Amount Per Serving
Vitamin C 9 mg
Thiamin 6 mg - Coenzymated B vitamin 1
Riboflavin 6 mg -  Coenzymated B vitamin 2
Niacin 20 mg (from inositol 34 mg, niacinamide ascorbate 30 mg, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 10 mg [Coenzymated])
Vitamin B 6 5 mg from 15 mg pyridoxal -5-phosphate Coenzymated
Folate (as folic acid) 200 mcg
Vitamin B12 340 mcg from 1 mg dibencozide Coenzymated
Biotin 75 mcg
Pantothenic Acid 13 mg as calcium D-Pantothenate
Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) 6 mg
Inositol hexanicotinate 4 mg

Benefits
Since B vitamins and their coenzymes play important metabolic roles in numerous biochemical reactions throughout the body, they can influence just about every aspect of brain and physical health. As a rule, individuals who take them notice improvements in:

Mood and energy level
Alertness
Learning and memory
Speed of thinking
Verbal fluency
Concentration and focus
Visual clarity

Which clinical conditions do they benefit?
Because of their wide range of effects, B vitamins and their coenzymes can potentially be helpful in:
Elevated homocysteine levels since they are able to lower the levels of this potential toxin
Depression natural treatment can be helped in some people
Age related cognitive decline may be partially offset by the use of these natural pills
Anxiety disorders and stress may be slightly alleviated by the use of these natural pills
Chronic fatigue may be improved by a good natural source
Alzheimer’s disease has many causes but it is possible that a low dose complex could be helpful
Parkinson’s disease  has many causes but it is possible that a low dose B vitamin complex could be of benefit

Dementia prevention and treatment
Daily tablets of large doses of B vitamins can halve the rate of brain shrinkage in elderly people with memory problems and may slow their progression toward dementia,, Scientists from Oxford University said their two-year clinical trial was the largest to date into their effect on so-called "mild cognitive impairment" -- a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia. David Smith of Oxford's department of pharmacology, co-led the trial. he said, "It is our hope that this simple and safe treatment will delay development of Alzheimer's in many people who suffer from mild memory problems." Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) affects around 16 percent of people aged over 70 worldwide and is characterized by slight problems with memory loss, language or other mental functions. MCI does not usually interfere with daily life, but around 50 percent of people diagnosed with it go on to develop the far more severe Alzheimer's disease within five years.

Heart disease, studies are conflicting
Two studies released this week reach contradictory conclusions on the value of B vitamins and folic acid (or folate in its naturally occurring form) in reducing the risks of heart disease. In the first study, Japanese researchers wanted to know if folate and vitamins B6 and B12 in the diet would have any affect on deaths due to heart disease. Using data from the large observational Japan Collaborative Cohort Study, Dr. Renzhe Cui and colleagues calculated the nutrients eaten daily by 23,119 men and 35,611 women by analyzing their answers given in food "frequency" questionnaires. After 14 years of follow-up, 3815 deaths related to heart disease were recorded in the study population of 58,730: 986 from stroke, 424 from coronary heart disease, 318 from heart failure, and 2087 from cardiovascular disease. The results suggested that eating a diet high in folate and vitamin B6 was associated with reduced risk of death from heart failure in men and with reduced risk of death from stroke, coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular disease in women. In the American Heart Association's journal Stroke, the researchers conclude that greater folate and vitamin B6 in the diet may be useful in preventing cardiovascular disease. Dr. Steven Woloshin of Dartmouth University's Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice questions the validity of such a claim, because of the study's design. Stroke, April, 2010. American Journal of Cardiology, 2010

Mood improvement
There can be cognitive improvements. Back in 1995, Dr. D. Benton and colleagues, from the University College Swansea, in Great Britain, gave ten times the recommended daily allowance of nine vitamins (mostly the B vitamins) to healthy college students (Benton 1995). The study lasted for one year. The students reported improvement in mood and feeling more agreeable. There was also an improvement in cognitive functioning, especially in regards to concentration. 

Understanding Coenzymes
In the past few years, many of the B vitamins have become available in their more activated forms known as coenzymes. For instance, niacin is now available in a coenzyme form known as NADH. An enzyme is basically a protein that promotes chemical changes in other substances, itself remaining unchanged in the process. A coenzyme is a substance that facilitates or is necessary for the action of an enzyme. The brain, just like a car, needs fuel. Our primary source of fuel is through fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in the diet. After digestion in the stomach, foodstuffs are absorbed into the bloodstream and circulate to various tissues and cells where they are broken down into even smaller particles. One of these particles is a two-carbon molecule known as acetyl. Enzymes help break down these fats, proteins, and carbohydrates into acetyl and they then help extract the final energy from acetyl through a process called the Krebs cycle, named after the German biochemist who defined it. This energy is in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Enzymes also need helpers, and these helpers are called coenzymes. Most of the coenzymes in the body are partly made from vitamins, such as vitamins E, C, lipoic acid, and riboflavin.

The coenzyme form often has a significantly more powerful effect. The coenzyme forms are an exciting addition to the field of nutrition. It is quite possible that the elderly or certain individuals with a particular biochemical deficiency may not be able to make adequate amounts of the coenzyme forms despite adequate intakes of the individual B vitamins. Hence, the coenzyme forms should be seriously considered in those who do not respond to the regular B vitamins. Some companies include most of the Bs in their coenzyme form together in one pill. These products deserve serious consideration, especially for their use in the middle aged and the elderly.

RDA
Mind Boosters book mentions finding a B-vitamin that has 2 to 5 times the RDA amount for B vitamins. I have looked all over the place for B-complexes with these amounts and have come up short. Do you have any name brands or generic brands that you could refer me to with these amounts. Most on the market seem to be B-50 or B-100 or B-25 but nothing of the lower dose.
   Yes, it's hard to find a B complex that's reasonable in its content. You may consider getting a multivitamin complex that has 1-5 times the RDA, or, get a B-25 and take about a quarter of a pill or only take it 2 or three times a week.

The Individual B Vitamins and Their Coenzymes:

Thiamin B1 is necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids to adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary source of energy in the human body. Thiamin is found in good amounts in milk, lean pork, legumes, rice bran, and the germ of cereal grains, but is lost during food processing and cooking. The current recommended daily allowance (RDA) by government advisory panels is about 1.5 mg.
   Studies indicate that supplementation with thiamin provides cognitive benefits. Dr. Benton and colleagues gave 50 mg of thiamin daily to young adult females for a period of two months (Benton 1997). The women reported being more clearheaded, composed, and energetic. The taking of thiamin had no influence on memory but reaction times were faster following supplementation. Prior to taking the thiamin, the women had normal blood levels of this vitamin.
   Researchers at Princess Margaret Hospital in Christchurch, New Zealand, measured thiamin levels in elderly individuals before giving them 10 mg of the vitamin a day. Only the subjects with low thiamin concentrations showed benefits. They had an improvement in quality of life with more energy and deeper sleep, along with decreased blood pressure and weight.
   Thiamin is now sold in its coenzyme form called cocarboxylase or thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP). Human studies giving TPP to evaluate cognitive functioning have not yet been published.

Riboflavin B2 is a yellow-colored nutrient involved in dozens of metabolic pathways leading to energy production and the making of fatty acids and sterols. Good sources are lean meats, eggs, milk, some vegetables and enriched cereals. The recommended daily intake is about 1.5 mg. You may notice your urine turning a deeper yellow color after taking riboflavin. Riboflavin is part of two larger activated coenzymes known as flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN). FMN is now available as a supplement. One product contains 25 mg of FMN per pill. Human studies giving FAD or FMN in order to evaluate cognitive functioning have not yet been published.

Niacin B3, also known as nicotinamide and nicotinic acid, plays essential roles in a large number of energy pathways. Perhaps as many as 200 enzymes are dependent on this nutrient. Nicotinamide is part of the coenzyme known as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), which is sold as a supplement. I will discuss NADH later in this chapter since several studies have been published regarding this coenzyme. Good sources of niacin are meats, legumes, fish, and some nuts and cereals. The recommended daily intake is about 15 to 20 mg.

Vitamin B3 overdose
Niacin pills in high doses are sometimes taken by people to pass a urine drug test. However this method does not work and could produce severe side effects. University of Pennsylvania doctors discuss four individuals who took several niacin pills to try to beat their impending drug screening tests. Emergency room doctors discovered these individuals had liver toxicity, heart palpitations, skin reactions, nausea, dizziness and vomiting.

B6
Marginal vitamin B-6 deficiency decreases mean RBC glutathione synthesis with no effect on RBC glutathione concentration, but the responses vary widely among individuals. Because the cysteine concentration in plasma and RBC does not change during vitamin B-6 restriction, the effects of marginal vitamin B-6 deficiency on glutathione synthesis are not caused by altered precursor concentrations.

Today in my local paper I read that excessive doses of pyroxidine Hcl over protracted periods of time can cause serious damage to the nervous system. The paper said for a person like myself (female 31 yrs) I should be getting 1.3 mg a day.
   B6 may cause problems in doses greater than 50 or 100 mg when taken over several months, but it is unlikely that lower doses cause any immediate or significant problems.

Folate rich foods
Foods that are rich in B vitamins and folate include beans, lentils, potatoes, peanuts, spinach, broccoli, Brussel sprouts, and some fruits such as bananas, strawberries, and oranges. Folic acid food source. Folic acid is found in a doctor formulated multivitamin supplement called MultiVit Rx.