What's in Xanthoparmelia?
A number of chemicals are found in this lichen including
epipolythiopiperazinediones. Xanthoparmelia in bulk powder form is a brownish color, and
the taste is not bitter.
How does Xanthoparmelia work?
We have not come across any studies that indicate how (or if) xanthoparmelia scabrosa works
in helping with erections,
libido, or sex organ engorgement or any other aspect of
sexuality.
Xanthoparmelia
Caution
I have only come across one study regarding xanthoparmelia scabrosa (see below) and it concerns me since there may
be toxins in this lichen, but at the same time these toxins are able to kill
cancer cells. So, not much can be said for sure till we have at least a couple
of more studies.
Summary
At this point we are not in a position to recommend the use of xanthoparmelia
until more is known regarding its toxicity. There are many sexual
enhancing herbs or
Viagra alternatives and products that work well, including
Deer-Antler-Velvet product,
Tongkat-Ali extract LJ100 herbal extract,
tribulus terrestris
extract
and
extract from the herb
Mucuna-Pruriens.
Xanthoparmelia
Research update
Evidence that the lichen-derived scabrosin esters target mitochondrial ATP
synthase in P388D1 cells.
Moerman KL. Australian National University,
Canberra, ACT, Australia.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2003 Aug 1;190(3):232-40.
Scabrosin esters (SEs), which have been recently isolated from the lichen
Xanthoparmelia scabrosa, belong to the epipolythiodioxopiperazine (ETP) class of
secondary metabolites characterized by possession of a reactive disulfide bond.
Colony forming assays show that these toxins are active against human tumor cell
lines at nanomolar concentrations. Other members of the ETP class of toxins such
as gliotoxin have been shown to induce apoptosis in cells, although the cellular
target(s) of the ETP toxins is currently unknown. ETP toxins have been shown to
inhibit a variety of enzymes via interaction with sensitive cysteine residues.
Here we show that the typical scabrosin ester acetate butyrate induces early
mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization assessed by JC-1 staining accompanied
by apoptotic cell death. The toxin lowers ATP in intact cells and inhibits the
rate of ATP synthesis in permeabilzed cells. Comparison with the effects of the
known ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin B is consistent with ATP synthase as an
early target in scabrosin ester-induced cell death.
For yohimbe information. additional links gluco htm page
Saw Palmetto extract and beta
Sitosterol product
Supplements and Herbal Index tongkat ali home page